September 9, 2013
HOW DID PET FOOD START, AND WHAT’S IN IT?
Hello again to my fellow pet lovers!
Last week I shared with you about how I got interested in
feeding my carnivore pets (2 cats and 2 dogs) a prey model raw diet. This week I want to share information with
you about how the pet food industry began, what REALLY goes into commercial pet
foods, how pet food is manufactured, and what the bandied-about terms “natural”
and “organic” mean when you see them on pet food packaging.
Over 100 years ago the pet food industry got started. It was the year 1860 in England when
American James Spratt invented the first dog food biscuit, which was made of
vegetables, beef blood, wheat and beet root. The biscuits became popular, other companies started making
their own versions, and by 1890, commercial pet food manufacture had started in
the United States.
In the 1900s, commercial pet food gained popularity. F. H. Bennett formed a company in New
York that made dog biscuits, canned horse meat for dogs was introduced after
WWI, and canned cat food and dry meat-meal dog food products were introduced in
the 1930s. The next big
innovation came in the 1950s with the use of the extrusion process. In the extrusion procecess, the food is
cooked into liquid form and then pushed, or extruded through the pipes of a
mechanical extruder. The pieces
are then baked. The food must
contain large amounts of starch for the extrusion process to work. Because the food is cooked twice at
high heat, the amino acids, enzymes, vitamins and minerals are destroyed. The
food is nutritionally void of these elements necessary for the health in your
pet. To make the food attractive
to animals and to provide some kind of nutrition, artificial fats, flavorings
and synthetic vitamins and minerals are sprayed on the liquid slurry if the
product will be canned, or on the kibble if the product will be bagged.
In 1964, the Pet Food Institute, a lobbying group for the
pet food industry, originated a campaign to get people to stop feeding pets
anything but commercially made, packaged-in-a bag-or-can pet food. Advertising and marketing efforts began
to label these products as complete foods, and to persuade the consumer that
food scraps/table scraps were dangerous to feed to pets. The introduction of “prescription”
foods sold through veterinarians came next. The overall message was that feeding pets in complicated,
and was best left to the professionals who were the only ones
educated or knowledgeable about what is best for our pets to eat. That message is still being pushed at
us today.
Now we fast forward to today’s manufacture of commercial pet
foods, and the ingredients used to make kibble and canned foods.
Indigestible animal parts from
slaughterhouses (feathers, fur, feet, and hooves, for example) are sent for
rendering.
Another source is 4-D
livestock (dead, diseased, disabled, dying), as well as euthanized animals,
animals found as road kill, and dead zoo animals.
A third source is market rejects, which are meat packages,
and spoiled/rotten fruit and vegetables.
Before being delivered to rendering plants, the animal parts and
carcasses must be de-natured to render them unfit for human consumption.
The meat sources are contaminated by
the use of various toxic chemicals, such as carbolic acid, fuel oil, kerosene
and citronella, among others.
When
the chemicals have soaked into the meat, the meat can then be sent to rendering
plants for processing.
Rendering
plants use not only the denatured meat, and spoiled fruits and vegetables, but
also any material that may be included, such as plastic bags, Styrofoam
packaging, metal tags and pet collars; in other words, anything and everything
that is considered animal waste but suitable for recycling into pet food.
 |
| Ingredient label showing additives |
Are you grossed out yet?
At the rendering plant, the raw materials are blended to
maintain a ratio between animal carcasses and supermarket rejects. The materials are loaded into stainless
steel pits or hoppers, ground up by augers, and then ground up again for finer
shredding. After shredding, the "meal" is cooked at 280 degrees Fahrenheit under pressure. The result is a soupy mixture called
slurry. The slurry goes to a
press, the moisture is squeezed out, and any solids remaining are
pulverized. The slurry mixture, or
meal, is pushed or extruded through pipes to shape it into those cute little
bite size pieces we find in kibble.
Synthetic vitamins, minerals, flavorings and preservatives are
added. Quality and content of the
food may be variable across batches.
 |
| Extrusion machine |
Let’s define what the pet food industry means when foods are
labeled “organic” or “natural”. The truth is that those two words mean anything
the manufacturer wants them to mean, because they have not been officially
defined by the U. S. government.
The term organic means that an ingredient was part of something
alive. Pet food manufacturers are
allowed to say their products are organic because ingredients started out as
live animals, fruits, or vegetables.
AAFCO, the Association of American Feed Control, defines the
term natural as meaning:
“A feed or ingredient derived solely from plant, animal
or mined sources, either in its unprocessed state or having been subject to
physical processing, heat processing, rendering, purification, extraction,
hydrolysis, enzymolysis, or fermentation, but not having been produced by or
subject to a chemically synthetic process and not containing any additives or
processing aids that are chemically synthetic except in amounts as may occur
unavoidably in good manufacturing processes. “
So where does our understanding of the meaning of the terms
“natural” and “organic” lead us?
We come to realize that they mean a food that is overcooked and rendered
into a pasty mush, but that can still be considered organic and natural if it
contains ingredients that were once alive, and if nothing synthetic was added
unless it was unavoidable. We come
to realize that the pet food industry uses ingredients that should be
considered as refuse and disposed of instead of being used for pet food. We come to realize that commercially
prepared pet food is not a wholesome or healthy food for our pets.
What is YOUR choice to feed your pets—commercially prepared
food or food that supplies species appropriate, biologically available
nutrition?
For the health of our pets,
Carole
SOURCES:
Nutritional Value of Food Processing, 3rd
Edition, Karmas, Harris, Van Nostrand Reinhold, publisher
DISCLAIMER: The information contained on this blogsite is
intended as educational only. It
is not intended to replace your veterinarian. Please do your own research and use your good judgment.
